Longissimus muscle (musculus longissimus) The longissimus muscle is a long intrinsic muscle of the back.Along with spinalis and iliocostalis, these three muscles comprise the erector spinae group.The erector spinae is a large musculotendinous complex that runs along the entire length of the vertebral column and comprises the intermediate layer of the intrinsic, or The basilar artery is a relatively large, robust blood vessel located in the posterior cranial fossa. The vertebral line of pleural reflection is a more rounded turn where the costal pleura becomes the mediastinal pleura posteriorly. Triceps surae muscle (Musculus triceps surae) The triceps surae muscle is a three-headed muscle in the posterior compartment of the leg.It consists of two muscles, gastrocnemius and soleus.Along with the plantaris muscle, the triceps surae composes the superficial flexor group of the leg, which forms the bulk on the back of the calf.. The function of the splenius cervicis is to coordinate the position Both rhomboids receive innervation from the dorsal scapular nerve and supplied by the dorsal scapular artery. As the anterior abdominal wall muscles are the main flexors of the vertebral column, weakness in or underdevelopment of these muscles can result in hyperlordosis of the lumbar vertebral column and anterior tilt of the pelvis. Being the first segment of the systemic circulation, the aorta originates directly from the heart. The vertebral artery gives rise to anterior and posterior spinal arteries. The efferent fibres of the red nucleus leave from the structures dorsomedial region. Overview The thorax is the region of the body extending from the base of the neck and thoracic inlet (the latter being at the supraclavicular fossae) to the diaphragm (marked anteriorly by the xiphisternal joint).. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. The dorsal scapular nerve arises just above the clavicle, from the proximal part of the anterior ramus of C5 spinal nerve It pierces the scalenus medius muscle and descends between the levator scapulae on one side and serratus posterior superior and scalenus posterior muscles on the other It then runs across the medial scapular region, along the anterior border of Winged scapula and rhomboid palsy are clinical pathologies associated with the rhomboids. The serratus posterior muscles are two paired muscles located in the upper and lower back. On the right-hand side of the body, the brachiocephalic trunk arises from the arch of the aorta and bifurcates at the upper border of the 2nd right sternoclavicular joint.It gives rise to the right subclavian artery as well as the right common carotid artery.. The gastrosplenic ligament connects the stomach and the spleen and carries the short gastric artery and the left gastroepiploic artery. It is the main blood vessel that forms the posterior circulation of the brain.. Segmental arteries, such as the deep cervical, ascending cervical, and posterior intercostal give rise to 31 pairs of radicular arterial branches which supply the roots of spinal nerves. The vertebral column is divided into five regions and consists of 33 vertebrae interlaced It courses superiorly along each side of the neck region and ultimately merges with its counterpart at the pontomedullary junction to form the basilar artery. Kenhub does not provide medical advice. The thoracic cage, also known as the rib cage, is the osteocartilaginous structure that encloses the thorax.It is formed by the 12 thoracic vertebrae, 12 pairs of ribs and associated costal cartilages and the sternum.. The vertebral arteries work their way along both sides of the neck, connecting the subclavian arteries in the shoulder up to the cranium. The vertebral artery is the first branch of the subclavian artery. The left counterparts to these The mediastinum is an area found in the midline of the thoracic cavity, that is surrounded by the left and right pleural sacs.It is divided into the superior and inferior mediastinum, of which the latter is larger.. Although there is a dual supply to the brain, each division shares a common origin. Running through the gaps in the vertebrae (foramen), they access the posterior fossa, a small space at the base of the skull near the brainstem and cerebellum, as well as the occipital lobes of the brain. It can be divided into three components: the mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and mesometrium De forma simplificada, o SNC o principal centro de comando do corpo. ; The transverse (middle) part of the muscle is supplied by the superficial cervical artery, or by a Anterior to it are the vertebral and internal jugular veins, while posteriorly, there are the transverse process of C7 vertebra, the sympathetic trunk, and the superior cervical ganglion.. Foraminal segment. Orientation of cross sections Before diving into the deep end, its important to understand the general orientation of axial anatomy. They include: The serratus posterior superior muscle; The serratus posterior inferior muscle; Together, these muscles comprise the intermediate layer of the extrinsic musculature of the back. The apex originates from the pelvic surface of the ischial spine, including the tip.Most of the muscle fibers insert via its base into the lateral margins of the coccyx and the inferior end of sacrum, at the level of the fifth segment (S5).. Rotatores breves and longi muscles (Musculi rotatores breves et longi) Rotatores muscles are a set of short muscles located laterally along the vertebral column, attaching between the transverse and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae.As a result, the rotatores function as stabilizers, extensors and rotators of the spine. You can learn more about our content creation and review standards by reading our content quality guidelines. They are branches of the femoral artery and supply the inferior part of the wall. Blumenfeld, H. (2010). Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that transmit motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the central nervous system and the periphery. It begins from the aortic orifice found at the base of the left ventricle.It is separated from the ventricle by the aortic valve, that consists of three semilunar cusps; the right, left and posterior cusp.The aorta is approximately 30 cm long, spanning almost the entire length of the trunk. In this joint, the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvic (hip) bone.. The urinary system consists of 4 major organs; the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and the urethra.Together these organs act to filter blood, remove waste products, create urine and transport urine out from the body. O SNC consiste em dois rgos que so contnuos um com o The serratus posterior muscles extend obliquely from the vertebral column to the rib cage. Variants in rhomboid musculature have been found but are very rare. The trunk is composed of several regions called the thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and back. The vertebral artery usually enters the transverse foramen at C6. The urinary system is also called the excretory system, because held within the urine are the various excreted products, including by-products It is relatively thin and covers almost all back muscles at the posterior trunk, except the trapezius.. Every single cross section is viewed from the feet of the patient in a supine position (lying horizontally on his/her back).This means that structures on the right side of the patients body will be on the left side of the cross-sectional image, and The vertebral artery supplies the upper spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum and posterior part of the brain. Relevant literature has shown that upwards of 10% of the adult population suffers from frequent episodes of neck pain , described as at least three instances of pain in a year, the prevalence of neck pain is the fourth leading cause of global disability. Within the thoracic cavity is the mediastinum.The mediastinum is the region of the thorax between the lungs.It extends from the level of the first rib, superiorly, Superficial epigastric artery and lateral to it the superficial circumflex iliac artery. The levator Anatomia do sistema nervoso central. This is one of two arterial circuits (the other being the anterior circulation) that delivers up to 15% of the total cardiac output to the brain tissue.This high demand for oxygenated blood is based on the diverse The lumbosacral joint is a set of two articulations; an anterior intervertebral joint and two zygapophyseal (facet) joints:. These tracts are derived from the magnocellular and parvocellular regions.The magnocellular component gives rise to fibers of the rubrospinal tract.In humans, the magnocellular part of the red nucleus is smaller than in other mammals; the size of the rubrospinal tract is After passing between the longus colli and anterior scalene muscles, the vertebral artery runs superiorly through the transverse foramina of the C6 to C2 vertebrae. Hip joint (Articulatio coxae) The hip joint is a ball and socket type of synovial joint that connects the pelvic girdle to the lower limb. The broad ligament of the uterus stabilizes the uterus by connecting it to the pelvic wall. Splenius cervicis muscle (Musculus splenius cervicis) Splenius cervicis is a paired back muscle found in the prevertebral space of the neck.Together with splenius capitis, it forms the superficial layer of the deep (intrinsic) back muscles, thus covering the other deep back muscles in the cervical region of the back.. The majority of the pons is supplied by pontine branches of the basilar artery and terminal branches of the vertebral artery. Internal thoracic artery (Arteria thoracica interna) The internal thoracic artery (internal mammary artery) is a long, paired vessel that originates from the proximal part of the subclavian artery.It runs inferomedially and enters the thoracic cage deep to the clavicle and the first rib.Terminating at the level of the sixth rib, it divides into two terminal branches: superior The vertebral column (spine or backbone) is a curved structure composed of bony vertebrae that are interconnected by cartilaginous intervertebral discs.It is part of the axial skeleton and extends from the base of the skull to the tip of the coccyx.The spinal cord runs through its center. The anterolateral surface of the pedicle of axis contains a deep groove for the vertebral artery, which transmits the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus as well as the suboccipital (first spinal) nerve. These structures include the pulmonary artery and vein, the bronchi, nerves and lymphatics. The superior aspect of the levator scapulae is covered by sternocleidomastoid, and its inferior part by trapezius. Image: Rhomboid major muscle (highlighted in green) - posterior view O sistema nervoso central (SNC) a diviso do sistema nervoso cuja funo analisar e integrar vrias informaes intra e extrapessoais, assim como gerar uma resposta coordenada a esses estmulos. Rubrospinal tract. Levator scapulae is a posterior Axio-appenducular muscle that connects the upper limb to the vertebral column and lies in the posterior triangle of the neck. To remember these structures easily, use the mnemonic "Only One Drink" (Ophthalmic artery, Optic nerve, Dural sheath). The main Along with the levator scapulae, trapezius and rhomboid muscles, the latissimus dorsi belongs to the superficial layer Neuroanatomy through clinical cases. Levator scapulae muscle (Musculus levator scapulae) Levator scapulae is a long and slender muscle that anatomically belongs to the superficial layer of extrinsic muscles of the back.Functionally, however, it is considered to be a muscle of scapular motion along with the rhomboids, serratus anterior, serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles. The remaining fibers converge in the midline, All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts.
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